Immediate Functional Loading of Implants in Controlled Diabetics

ized by an increase in plasma glucose levels. This hyperglycaemia is the result of deficient insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Chronic hyperglycaemia affects several tissues and organs, produces an inflammatory effect and has been shown to be a stimulus for bone resorption in vitro. Bone loss in diabetes does not seem to depend as much on an increase in osteoclastogenesis as on a reduction in bone formation [1]. It is known that hyperglycaemia inhibits osteoblastic differentiation and alters the response of the parathyroid hormone that regulates the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium [2], has a negative effect on the bone matrix and its components and also affects the adherence, growth and accumulation of extracellular matrix [3]. Periodontal disease is frequently present in patients with diabetes; it is considered one of the complications of this disease.